FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 1 of 25 FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy CyberArk Cryptographic Module Software Version 2.2.1 Document Version 1.0 October 24, 2022 Prepared For: Prepared By: CyberArk Software Ltd. 9 Hapsagot St. Park Ofer 2 P.O. Box 3143 Petach-Tikva 4951040 Israel www.cyberark.com SafeLogic Inc. 530 Lytton Ave, Suite 200 Palo Alto, CA 94301 www.safelogic.com FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 2 of 25 Overview This document provides a non-proprietary FIPS 140-2 Security Policy for CyberArk Cryptographic Module. FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 3 of 25 Table of Contents Overview..............................................................................................................................................................2 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................5 1.1 About FIPS 140 .............................................................................................................................................5 1.2 About this Document....................................................................................................................................5 1.3 External Resources .......................................................................................................................................5 1.4 Notices..........................................................................................................................................................5 2 CyberArk Cryptographic Module ...................................................................................................................6 2.1 Cryptographic Module Specification ............................................................................................................6 2.1.1 Validation Level Detail .............................................................................................................................6 2.1.2 Modes of Operation.................................................................................................................................7 2.1.3 Approved Cryptographic Algorithms .......................................................................................................7 2.1.4 Non-Approved but Allowed Cryptographic Algorithms...........................................................................9 2.1.5 Non-Approved Algorithms.....................................................................................................................10 2.2 Module Interfaces ......................................................................................................................................11 2.3 Roles, Services, and Authentication ...........................................................................................................13 2.3.1 Operator Services and Descriptions.......................................................................................................13 2.3.2 Operator Authentication .......................................................................................................................14 2.4 Physical Security.........................................................................................................................................14 2.5 Operational Environment...........................................................................................................................14 2.6 Cryptographic Key Management ...............................................................................................................15 2.6.1 Random Number Generation ................................................................................................................17 2.6.2 Key/Critical Security Parameter (CSP) Authorized Access and Use by Role and Service/Function .......18 2.6.3 Key/CSP Storage.....................................................................................................................................18 2.6.4 Key/CSP Zeroization...............................................................................................................................18 2.7 Self-Tests ....................................................................................................................................................18 2.7.1 Power-On Self-Tests...............................................................................................................................19 2.7.2 Conditional Self-Tests ............................................................................................................................21 2.7.3 Cryptographic Function .........................................................................................................................21 2.8 Mitigation of Other Attacks .......................................................................................................................21 3 Guidance and Secure Operation..................................................................................................................22 3.1 Crypto Officer Guidance .............................................................................................................................22 3.1.1 Software Installation..............................................................................................................................22 3.1.2 Additional Rules of Operation ...............................................................................................................22 3.2 User Guidance ............................................................................................................................................22 3.2.1 General Guidance ..................................................................................................................................22 4 References and Acronyms ...........................................................................................................................24 4.1 References..................................................................................................................................................24 4.2 Acronyms....................................................................................................................................................25 FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 4 of 25 List of Tables Table 1 - Validation Level by FIPS 140-2 Section ...........................................................................................................6 Table 2 - FIPS-Approved Algorithm Certificates ............................................................................................................7 Table 3 - Logical Interface / Physical Interface Mapping.............................................................................................13 Table 4 - Module Services, Roles, and Descriptions ....................................................................................................13 Table 5 - Tested Environments ....................................................................................................................................15 Table 6 - Module Keys/CSPs ........................................................................................................................................15 Table 7 - Power-On Self-Tests......................................................................................................................................19 Table 8 - Conditional Self-Tests ...................................................................................................................................21 Table 9 - References ....................................................................................................................................................24 Table 10 - Acronyms and Terms ..................................................................................................................................25 List of Figures Figure 1 - Module Boundary and Interfaces Diagram..................................................................................................12 FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 5 of 25 1 Introduction 1.1 About FIPS 140 Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 140-2 — Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules specifies requirements for cryptographic modules to be deployed in a Sensitive but Unclassified environment. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS) Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP) run the FIPS 140 program. The NVLAP accredits independent testing labs to perform FIPS 140 testing; the CMVP validates modules meeting FIPS 140 validation. Validated is the term given to a module that is documented and tested against the FIPS 140 criteria. More information is available on the CMVP website at https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cryptographic- module-validation-program. 1.2 About this Document This non-proprietary Cryptographic Module Security Policy for CyberArk Cryptographic Module from CyberArk Software Ltd. (CyberArk Software Ltd.) provides an overview of the product and a high-level description of how it meets the security requirements of FIPS 140-2. This document contains details on the module’s cryptographic keys and critical security parameters. This Security Policy concludes with instructions and guidance on running the module in a FIPS 140-2 Approved mode of operation. CyberArk Cryptographic Module may also be referred to as the “module” in this document. 1.3 External Resources The CyberArk Software Ltd. website (www.cyberark.com) contains information on CyberArk Software Ltd. services and products. The Cryptographic Module Validation Program website contains links to the FIPS 140-2 certificate and CyberArk Software Ltd. contact information. 1.4 Notices This document may be freely reproduced and distributed in its entirety without modification. FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 6 of 25 2 CyberArk Cryptographic Module 2.1 Cryptographic Module Specification CyberArk Cryptographic Module is a standards-based cryptographic engine for servers and appliances. The module delivers core cryptographic functions to server platforms and features robust algorithm support, including Suite B algorithms. CyberArk Cryptographic Module offloads secure key management, data integrity, data at rest encryption, and secure communications to a trusted implementation. The CyberArk Cryptographic Module is used by CyberArk products, including Privileged Access Manager and Conjur Secrets Manager Enterprise. The module’s software version is 2.2.1. The module is a software module that relies on the physical characteristics of the host platform. The module’s physical cryptographic boundary is defined by the enclosure of the host platform, which is the General Purpose Device that the module is installed on. For the purposes of FIPS 140-2 validation, the module’s embodiment type is defined as multi-chip standalone. All operations of the module occur via calls from host applications and their respective internal daemons/processes. As such there are no untrusted services calling the services of the module. The module's logical cryptographic boundary is the shared library files and their integrity check HMAC files. 2.1.1 Validation Level Detail The following table lists the module’s level of validation for each area in FIPS 140-2: Table 1 - Validation Level by FIPS 140-2 Section FIPS 140-2 Section Title Validation Level Cryptographic Module Specification 1 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 1 Roles, Services, and Authentication 1 Finite State Model 1 Physical Security N/A Operational Environment 1 Cryptographic Key Management 1 Electromagnetic Interference / Electromagnetic Compatibility 1 Self-Tests 1 Design Assurance 1 Mitigation of Other Attacks N/A FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 7 of 25 2.1.2 Modes of Operation The module supports two modes of operation: FIPS Approved mode and non-Approved mode. The module will be in the FIPS Approved mode when all power-up self-tests have completed successfully, and only Approved algorithms are invoked. See Section 2.1.3 - Approved Cryptographic Algorithms below for a list of the supported Approved algorithms and Section 2.1.4 - Non-Approved but Allowed Cryptographic Algorithms for a list of supported allowed algorithms. The non-Approved mode is entered when a non-Approved algorithm is invoked. See Section 2.1.5 - Non-Approved Algorithms for a list of non-Approved algorithms. 2.1.3 Approved Cryptographic Algorithms The module’s cryptographic algorithm implementations have received the following certificate numbers from the Cryptographic Algorithm Validation Program (CAVP): Table 2 - FIPS-Approved Algorithm Certificates CAVP Cert. Algorithm Standard Mode/Method and Key Lengths, Curves or Moduli1 Use A2305 AES FIPS 197, SP 800-38 series CBC (e/d; 128, 192, 256) CFB1 (e/d; 128, 192, 256) CFB8 (e/d; 128, 192, 256) CFB128 (e/d; 128, 192, 256) ECB (e/d; 128, 192, 256) OFB (e/d; 128, 192, 256) CTR (external counter only; 128, 192, 256) CMAC (Generation/Verification: 128, 192, 256) CCM (128, 192, 256) GCM2 (e/d: 128, 192, 256) Data encryption/ decryption and authentication Vendor Affirmed CKG SP 800-133 Cryptographic key generation per IG D.12. The resulting symmetric key or asymmetric seed is an unmodified output from a DRBG. (Ref. Security Policy Section 2.6.1) 1 The module’s CAVP certificates include additional algorithm functionality that is not supported by the module. Algorithms supported by the module are as specified in this table. 2 IV generation is compliant with IG A.5. See Security Policy sections 2.6.1 and 3.2.1. FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 8 of 25 A2305 DRBG SP 800-90A Hash_DRBG (SHA-1, SHA-2) HMAC_DRBG (SHA-1, SHA-2) CTR_DRBG (128, 192, 256) Random number generation. No assurance of the minimum strength of generated keys. A2305 DSA FIPS 186-4 Key Pair Gen: (2048, 224), (2048, 256), (3072, 256) PQG Gen: (2048, 224), (2048, 256), (3072, 256) (SHA-2) PQG Ver: (1024, 160), (2048, 224), (2048, 256), (3072, 256) (SHA-1 and SHA-2) Sig Gen: (2048, 224), (2048, 256), (3072, 256) (SHA-2) Sig Ver: (1024, 160), (2048, 224), (2048, 256), (3072, 256) (SHA-1 and SHA-2) Digital signatures A2305 ECDSA FIPS 186-4 Key Pair Gen: P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521 K-233, K-283, K-409, K-571 B-233, B-283, B-409, B-571 PKV: P-192, P224, P-256, P-384, P-521 K-163, K-233, K-283, K-409, K-571 B-163, B-233, B-283, B-409, B-571 Sig Gen: (using SHA-2) P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521 K-233, K-283, K-409, K-571 B-233, B-283, B-409, B-571 Sig Ver: (using SHA-1 and SHA-2) P-192, P224, P-256, P-384, P-521 K-163, K-233, K-283, K-409, K-571 B-163, B-233, B-283, B-409, B-571 Digital signatures A2305 HMAC FIPS 198-1 HMAC-SHA-1 HMAC-SHA-224 HMAC-SHA-256 HMAC-SHA-384 HMAC-SHA-512 Message authentication FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 9 of 25 A2305 RSA FIPS 186-4 ANSIX9.31 Sig Gen: 2048, 3072, 4096 (using SHA-2) Sig Ver: 1024, 2048, 3072 (any SHA size) PKCS1 V1.5 Sig Gen: 2048, 3072, 4096 (using SHA-2) Sig Ver: 1024, 2048, 3072 (any SHA size) PSS Sig Gen: 2048, 3072, 4096 (using SHA-2) Sig Ver: 1024, 2048, 3072 (any SHA size) Digital signatures FIPS 186-2 ANSIX9.31 Sig Ver: 1024, 1536, 2048, 3072, 4096 (any SHA size) PKCS1 V1 5 Sig Ver: 1024, 1536, 2048, 3072, 4096 (any SHA size) PSS Sig Ver: 1024, 1536, 2048, 3072, 4096 (any SHA size) A2305 SHS FIPS 180-4 SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512 Hashing A2305 Triple- DES SP 800-67 TCBC (KO 1 e/d, KO 2 d only) TCFB1 (KO 1 e/d, KO 2 d only) TCFB8 (KO 1 e/d, KO 2 d only) TCFB64 (KO 1 e/d, KO 2 d only) TECB (KO 1 e/d, KO 2 d only) TOFB (KO 1 e/d, KO 2 d only) CMAC (KS: 3-Key; Generation/Verification; Block Size(s): Full / Partial) Data encryption/ decryption and authentication 2.1.4 Non-Approved but Allowed Cryptographic Algorithms The module does not support any FIPS 140-2 non-Approved but allowed algorithms that may be used in the FIPS Approved mode of operation. FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 10 of 25 2.1.5 Non-Approved Algorithms The module supports a non-Approved mode of operation. The algorithms listed in this section are not to be used by the operator in the FIPS Approved mode of operation. The following algorithms shall not be used: • AES XTS (KS: XTS_128 (e/d) (f/p), KS: XTS_256 (e/d) (f/p) • EC Diffie-Hellman • RSA (key wrapping; key establishment methodology provides up to 256 bits of encryption strength) The following algorithms are disallowed as of January 1, 2014 per the NIST SP 800-131A algorithm transitions: • FIPS 186-4 DSA PQG Gen 1024-bit (any SHA size), 2048-bit, 3072-bit using SHA-1 Key Gen 1024-bit (any SHA size), 2048-bit, 3072-bit using SHA-1 Sig Gen 1024-bit (any SHA size), 2048-bit, 3072-bit using SHA-1 • FIPS 186-2 DSA PQG Gen 1024-bit (any SHA size) Key Gen 1024-bit Sig Gen 1024-bit (any SHA size), 2048-bit, 3072-bit using SHA-1 • FIPS 186-2 RSA ANSIX9.31 Key Gen 1024 & 1536 ANSIX9.31 Sig Gen 1024 & 1536 (any SHA size); 2048, 3072 using SHA-1 PKCSI V1 5 Sig Gen 1024 & 1536 (any SHA size); 2048, 3072 using SHA-1 PSS Sig Gen 1024 & 1536 (any SHA size); 2048, 3072 using SHA-1 • FIPS 186-4 RSA ANSIX9.31 Sig Gen 1024 using SHA-1 PKCSI V1 5 Sig Gen 1024 using SHA-1 PSS Sig Gen 1024 using SHA-1 • FIPS 186-2 ECDSA Key Pair Generation Curves P-192, K-163, B-163 Sig Gen Curves All P, K & B • FIPS 186-4 ECDSA Key Pair Generation: Curves P-192, K-163, B-163 Sig Gen Curves P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521, K-233, K-283, K-409, K-571, B-233, B-283, B-409, B-571) (using SHA-1) P-192, K-163, B-163 (any SHA size) • CVL (ECC CDH KAS) FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 11 of 25 The following algorithms are disallowed as of January 1, 2016 per the NIST SP 800-131A algorithm transitions: • Random Number Generator Based on ANSI X9.31 Appendix A.2.4 • Two-Key Triple DES Encryption • Dual EC DRBG The following algorithms are disallowed as of September 1, 2020 per the FIPS 186-2 transitions: • FIPS 186-2 RSA (X9.31, PKCS #1.5, PSS) o ANSIX9.31 ▪ Key Gen: 2048-bit, 3072-bit, 4096-bit ▪ Sig Gen: 2048-bit, 3072-bit (any SHA size) ▪ Sig Gen: 4096-bit using SHA-1 o PKCS1 V1 5 ▪ Sig Gen: 2048-bit, 3072-bit (any SHA size) ▪ Sig Gen: 4096-bit using SHA-1 o PSS ▪ Sig Gen: 2048-bit, 3072-bit (any SHA size) ▪ Sig Gen: 4096-bit using SHA-1 2.2 Module Interfaces The figure below shows the module’s physical and logical block diagram: FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 12 of 25 Figure 1 - Module Boundary and Interfaces Diagram The module’s physical boundary is the boundary of the General Purpose Computer (GPC) that the module is installed on, which includes a processor and memory. The interfaces (ports) for the physical boundary include the computer’s network port, keyboard port, mouse port, power plug and display. When operational, the module does not transmit any information across these physical ports because it is a software cryptographic module. Therefore the module’s interfaces are purely logical. The logical interface is provided through the Application Programming Interface (API) that a calling daemon can operate. The API itself defines the module’s logical boundary, i.e. all access to the module is through this API. The API provides functions that may be called by an application (see Section 2.3 – Roles, Services, and Authentication for the list of available functions). The module distinguishes between logical interfaces by logically separating the information according to the defined API. The API provided by the module is mapped onto the FIPS 140-2 logical interfaces, which relate to the module’s callable interface as follows: FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 13 of 25 Table 3 - Logical Interface / Physical Interface Mapping FIPS 140-2 Interface Module Logical Interface GPC Physical Interface Data Input Input parameters of API function calls Network Interface Data Output Output parameters of API function calls Network Interface Control Input API function calls Network Interface, Keyboard Interface, Mouse Interface Status Output For FIPS Approved mode, function calls returning status information and return codes provided by API function calls. Network Interface, Display Controller Power None Power Supply As shown in Figure 1 - Module Boundary and Interfaces Diagram and Table 4 - Module Services, Roles, and Descriptions, the output data path is provided by the data interfaces and is logically disconnected from processes performing key generation or zeroization. No key information will be output through the data output interface when the module zeroizes keys. 2.3 Roles, Services, and Authentication The module supports a Crypto Officer role (CO) and a User role. The module does not support a Maintenance role. The User and Crypto Officer roles are implicitly assumed by the entity accessing services implemented by the module. 2.3.1 Operator Services and Descriptions The module supports services that are available to users in the various roles. All the services are described in detail in the module’s user documentation. The following table shows the services available to the various roles and the access to cryptographic keys and CSPs resulting from services: Table 4 - Module Services, Roles, and Descriptions Service Roles CSP / Algorithm Permission Module initialization Crypto Officer None CO: execute Symmetric encryption/decryption User AES Key, Triple-DES Key User: read/write/execute Digital signature generation User RSA Private Key, DSA Private Key, ECDSA Private Key User: read/write/execute Digital Signature verification User RSA Public Key, DSA Public Key, ECDSA Public Key User: read/write/execute FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 14 of 25 Service Roles CSP / Algorithm Permission Symmetric key generation User AES Key, Triple-DES Key User: read/write/execute Asymmetric key generation User DSA Private Key, ECDSA Private Key User: read/write/execute Keyed Hash (HMAC) User HMAC Key HMAC SHA-1, HMAC SHA- 224, HMAC SHA- 256, HMAC SHA-384, HMAC SHA-512 User: read/write/execute Message digest (SHS) User SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA- 512 User: read/write/execute Random number generation User DRBG Internal State, DRBG Entropy User: read/write/execute Show status Crypto Officer User None User and CO: execute Self-test User None User: read/execute Zeroize Crypto Officer User All CSPs CO: read/write/execute The operator is required to review the Sections 2.1.3 - Approved Cryptographic Algorithms, 2.1.4 - Non- Approved but Allowed Cryptographic Algorithms, 2.1.5 - Non-Approved Algorithms, and 3 - Guidance and Secure Operation to ensure only Approved algorithms are used. 2.3.2 Operator Authentication As required by FIPS 140-2, there are two roles (a Crypto Officer role and User role) in the module that operators may assume. As allowed by Level 1, the module does not support authentication to access services. As such, there are no applicable authentication policies. Access control policies are implicitly defined by the services available to the roles as specified in Table 4 - Module Services, Roles, and Descriptions. 2.4 Physical Security This section of requirements does not apply to this module. The module is a software-only module and does not implement any physical security mechanisms. 2.5 Operational Environment The module operates in a modifiable operational environment under the FIPS 140-2 definitions. The module operates on a general purpose computer (GPC) running a general purpose operating system FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 15 of 25 (GPOS). For FIPS purposes, the module is running on this operating system in single user mode and does not require any additional configuration to meet the FIPS requirements. The module was tested on the following platforms: Table 5 - Tested Environments Operating System Hardware Platform Processor (CPU) PAA (AES-NI) CentOS 7.9 HPE ProLiant DL360 G7 Intel Xeon X5670 Yes CentOS 7.9 HPE ProLiant DL360 G7 Intel Xeon X5670 No FreeBSD 13.1 XRI-400 Intel Atom E3940 Yes FreeBSD 13.1 XRI-400 Intel Atom E3940 No macOS 12 (Monterey) Apple Mac Mini 9,1 Apple M1 N/A Windows Server 2012 R2 Dell PowerEdge R420 Intel Xeon E5-2430 Yes Windows Server 2012 R2 Dell PowerEdge R420 Intel Xeon E5-2430 No FIPS 140-2 validation compliance is maintained for compatible operating systems (in single user mode) where the module source code is unmodified, and the requirements outlined in NIST IG G.5 are met. No claim can be made as to the correct operation of the module or the security strengths of the generated keys when ported to an operational environment that is not listed on the validation certificate. The GPC(s) used during testing met Federal Communications Commission (FCC) FCC Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements for business use as defined by 47 Code of Federal Regulations, Part15, Subpart B. 2.6 Cryptographic Key Management The table below provides a complete list of Critical Security Parameters (CSPs) and keys used within the module. Access is indicated as follows: R = Read W = Write D = Delete Table 6 - Module Keys/CSPs Keys and CSPs Storage Locations Storage Method Input Method Output Method Zeroization Access AES Key (128, 192, 256 bits) Used for Encrypt/Decrypt operations. Used to generate and verify MACs with AES as part of the CMAC algorithm. RAM Plaintext API call parameter None power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 16 of 25 Keys and CSPs Storage Locations Storage Method Input Method Output Method Zeroization Access Triple-DES Key (168 bits, 112 bits – decrypt only) Used for Encrypt/Decrypt operations. Used for generating and verifying MACs with Triple- DES as part of the CMAC algorithm. RAM Plaintext API call parameter None power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD RSA Public Key (1024, 1536, 2048, 3072, 4096 bits) RSA public/private keys used to sign and verify data. RAM Plaintext API call parameter API call parameter power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD RSA Private Key (2048, 3072, 4096 bits) RSA public/private keys used to sign and verify data. RAM Plaintext API call parameter API call parameter power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD DSA Public Key (1024, 2048, 3072 bits) DSA public/private keys used to sign and verify data. RAM Plaintext API call parameter API call parameter power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD DSA Private Key (2048, 3072 bits) DSA public/private keys used to sign and verify data. RAM Plaintext API call parameter API call parameter power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD HMAC Key (≥ 112 bits) HMAC keys used to generate and verify MACs on data. RAM Plaintext API call parameter API call parameter power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD Integrity Key Module Binary Plaintext None None None CO: RWD U: RWD FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 17 of 25 Keys and CSPs Storage Locations Storage Method Input Method Output Method Zeroization Access ECDSA Private Key (PKG/SigGen: P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521, K-233, K-283, K-409, K-571, B-233, B-283, B-409, B-571) PKV/SigVer: All P, K & B curves) ECDSA public/private keys used to sign and verify data. RAM Plaintext API call parameter API call parameter power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD ECDSA Public Key (PKG/SigGen: P-224, P-256, P-384, P-521, K-233, K-283, K-409, K-571, B-233, B-283, B-409, B-571 PKV/SigVer: All P, K & B curves) ECDSA public/private keys used to sign and verify data. RAM Plaintext API call parameter API call parameter power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD DRBG Internal state (V, C, Key value) V and Key are used as part of HMAC and CTR DRBG process. V and C are used as part of HASH DRBG process. RAM Plaintext None None power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD DRBG Entropy Entropy input strings used as part of the DRBG process. RAM Plaintext API call parameter None power cycle cleanse() CO: RWD U: RWD Please note that keys can be generated by the module for the services that require those keys, but the keys will always be input via an API call. The application that uses the module is responsible for appropriate destruction and zeroization of the key material. The module provides functions for key allocation and destruction which overwrite the memory that is occupied by the key information with zeros before it is deallocated. 2.6.1 Random Number Generation The module uses SP 800-90A DRBGs for creation of asymmetric and symmetric keys. FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 18 of 25 The module accepts input from entropy sources external to the cryptographic boundary for use as seed material for the module’s Approved DRBGs. The calling application of the module shall use entropy sources that meet the security strength required for the random bit generation mechanism as shown in NIST Special Publication 800-90A Table 2 (Hash_DRBG, HMAC_DRBG) and Table 3 (CTR_DRBG). At a minimum, the entropy source shall provide at least 128 bits of entropy to the DRBG. The module performs continual tests on the random numbers it uses to ensure that the seed inputs to the Approved DRBGs do not have the same value. The module also performs continual tests on the output of the Approved DRBGs to ensure that consecutive random numbers do not repeat. In accordance with FIPS 140-2 IG D.12, the cryptographic module performs Cryptographic Key Generation (CKG) for symmetric keys and asymmetric seeds per NIST SP 800-133rev2 (vendor affirmed). The resulting symmetric key or asymmetric seed is an unmodified output from a DRBG. The AES GCM IV generation is in compliance with the RFC5288 and RFC5289 and shall only be used for the TLS protocol version 1.2 to be compliant with [FIPS140-2_IG] IG A.5, provision 1 (“TLS protocol IV generation”); thus, the module is compliant with [SP800-52]. Refer to Section 3.2.1 – General Guidance for additional detail. 2.6.2 Key/Critical Security Parameter (CSP) Authorized Access and Use by Role and Service/Function An authorized application as user (the User role) has access to all key data generated during the operation of the module. 2.6.3 Key/CSP Storage Public and private keys are provided to the module by the calling process and are destroyed when released by the appropriate API function calls or during power cycle. The module does not perform persistent storage of keys. 2.6.4 Key/CSP Zeroization The application is responsible for calling the appropriate destruction functions from the API. The destruction functions then overwrite the memory occupied by keys with zeros and deallocate the memory. This occurs during process termination / power cycle. Keys are immediately zeroized upon deallocation, which sufficiently protects the CSPs from compromise. 2.7 Self-Tests FIPS 140-2 requires that the module perform self-tests to ensure the integrity of the module and the correctness of the cryptographic functionality at start up. In addition, some functions require continuous verification of function, such as the random number generator. All these tests are listed and described in FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 19 of 25 this section. In the event of a self-test error, the module will log the error and will halt. The module must be reloaded into memory to resume function. The following sections discuss the module’s self-tests in more detail. 2.7.1 Power-On Self-Tests Power‐on self‐tests are executed automatically when the module is loaded into memory. The module verifies the integrity of the runtime executable using a HMAC-SHA-1 digest computed at build time. If the fingerprints match, the power-up self-tests are then performed. If the power-up self-tests are successful, a flag is set to indicate the module is in FIPS Approved mode (the operator is still required to follow the guidance in Section 3 – Guidance and Secure Operation to ensure the module is running in FIPS Approved mode of operation). Table 7 - Power-On Self-Tests Test Type Test Details Software Integrity Check • HMAC-SHA-1 on all module components (HMAC Cert. #A2305) FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 20 of 25 Test Type Test Details Known Answer Tests (KATs) • AES o AES ECB 128 encrypt KAT o AES ECB 128 decrypt KAT o AES CMAC 128/192/256 encrypt KATs o AES CMAC 128/192/256 decrypt KATs o AES CCM 192 encrypt KAT o AES CCM 192 decrypt KAT o AES GCM 256 encrypt KAT o AES GCM 256 decrypt KAT • DRBG o Hash_DRBG KATs o HMAC_DRBG KATs o CTR_DRBG KATs • HMAC o HMAC-SHA-1 KAT o HMAC-SHA-224 KAT o HMAC-SHA-256 KAT o HMAC-SHA-384 KAT o HMAC-SHA-512 KAT • RSA o RSA 2048 sign KAT (SHA-256, PKCS#1) o RSA 2048 verify KAT (SHA-256, PKCS#1) • SHS3 o SHA-1 KAT • Triple-DES o Triple-DES ECB 3-key encrypt KAT o Triple-DES ECB 3-key decrypt KAT o Triple-DES CMAC 3-key generate KAT o Triple-DES CMAC 3-key verify KAT Pairwise Consistency Tests (PCTs) • DSA sign/verify PCT using 2048 bit key, SHA-384 • ECDSA sign/verify PCT using P-224, SHA-512 • ECDSA sign/verify PCT using K-233, SHA-512 • RSA PCT (legacy test) Input, output, and cryptographic functions cannot be performed while the module is in a self-test or error state because the module is single-threaded and will not return to the calling application until the power-up self-tests are complete. If the power-up self-tests fail, subsequent calls to the module will also fail - thus no further cryptographic operations are possible. 3 Note that all SHA-X KATs are tested as part of the respective HMAC SHA-X KAT. SHA-1 is also tested independently. FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 21 of 25 The module performs power-up self-tests automatically during loading of the module by making use of default entry point (DEP) and no operator intervention is required. 2.7.2 Conditional Self-Tests The module implements the following conditional self-tests upon key generation, or random number generation (respectively): Table 8 - Conditional Self-Tests Test Type Test Details Pairwise Consistency Tests • DSA • RSA (legacy test not run in FIPS Approved mode) • ECDSA Continuous RNG Tests • Performed on all Approved DRBGs, the non-approved X9.31 RNG, and the non-approved DUAL_EC_DRBG Please note the DRBGs are tested as required by [SP800-90A] Section 11 2.7.3 Cryptographic Function The module verifies the integrity of the runtime executable using a HMAC-SHA-1 digest that is computed at build time. If this computed HMAC-SHA-1 digest matches the stored, known digest, then the power- up self-test (consisting of the algorithm-specific Pairwise Consistency and Known Answer tests) is performed. If any component of the power-up self-test fails, an internal global error flag is set to prevent subsequent invocation of any cryptographic function calls. Any such power-up self-test failure is a hard error that can only be recovered by reloading the module. The power-up self-tests may be performed at any time by reloading the module. No operator intervention is required during the running of the self-tests. 2.8 Mitigation of Other Attacks The module does not contain additional security mechanisms beyond the requirements for FIPS 140-2 Level 1 cryptographic modules. FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 22 of 25 3 Guidance and Secure Operation 3.1 Crypto Officer Guidance 3.1.1 Software Installation The module is provided directly to solution developers and is not available for direct download to the general public. Only the compiled module is provided to solution developers. The module and its host application are to be installed on an operating system specified in Section 2.5 – Operational Environment or on an operating system where portability is maintained. 3.1.2 Additional Rules of Operation 1. The writable memory areas of the module (data and stack segments) are accessible only by the application so that the operating system is in "single user" mode, i.e. only the application has access to that instance of the module. 2. The operating system is responsible for multitasking operations so that other processes cannot access the address space of the process containing the module. 3.2 User Guidance 3.2.1 General Guidance The module is not distributed as a standalone library and is only used in conjunction with the solution. The end user of the operating system is also responsible for zeroizing CSPs via wipe/secure delete procedures. If the module power is lost and restored, the calling application must ensure that any AES GCM keys used for encryption or decryption are redistributed. The counter portion of the AES GCM IV is set by the module within its cryptographic boundary. When the IV exhausts the maximum number of possible values for a given session key, the first party to encounter this condition shall trigger a handshake to establish a new encryption key in accordance with RFC 5246. The AES GCM IV generation is in compliance with the RFC5288 and RFC5289 and shall only be used for the TLS protocol version 1.2 to be compliant with [FIPS140-2_IG] IG A.5, provision 1 (“TLS protocol IV generation”); thus, the module is compliant with [SP800-52]. In the event the nonce_explicit part of the IV exhausts the maximum number of possible values for a given session key, either party (the client or the server) that encounters this condition shall trigger a handshake to establish a new encryption key. FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 23 of 25 The same Triple-DES key shall not be used to encrypt more than 216 64-bit blocks of data in accordance with IG A.13. At a minimum, the entropy source shall provide at least 128 bits of entropy to the DRBG. FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 24 of 25 4 References and Acronyms 4.1 References Table 9 - References Abbreviation Full Specification Name ANSI X9.31 X9.31-1998, Digital Signatures using Reversible Public Key Cryptography for the Financial Services Industry (rDSA), September 9, 1998 FIPS 140-2 Security Requirements for Cryptographic modules, May 25, 2001 FIPS 180-4 Secure Hash Standard (SHS) FIPS 186-4 Digital Signature Standard (DSS) FIPS 197 Advanced Encryption Standard FIPS 198-1 The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) IG Implementation Guidance for FIPS PUB 140-2 and the Cryptographic Module Validation Program SP 800-38B Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The CMAC Mode for Authentication SP 800-38C Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The CCM Mode for Authentication and Confidentiality SP 800-38D Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC SP 800-67 Recommendation for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher SP 800-90A Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy: CyberArk Cryptographic Module Document Version 1.0 © CyberArk Software Ltd. Page 25 of 25 4.2 Acronyms The following table defines acronyms found in this document: Table 10 - Acronyms and Terms Acronym Term AES Advanced Encryption Standard ANSI American National Standards Institute API Application Programming Interface CMVP Cryptographic Module Validation Program CO Crypto Officer CCCS Canadian Centre for Cyber Security CSP Critical Security Parameter DES Data Encryption Standard DH Diffie-Hellman DRBG Deterministic Random Bit Generator DSA Digital Signature Algorithm EC Elliptic Curve EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI Electromagnetic Interference FCC Federal Communications Commission FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard GPC General Purpose Computer GUI Graphical User Interface HMAC (Keyed-) Hash Message Authentication Code KAT Known Answer Test MAC Message Authentication Code MD Message Digest NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology OS Operating System PKCS Public-Key Cryptography Standards PRNG Pseudo Random Number Generator PSS Probabilistic Signature Scheme RNG Random Number Generator RSA Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman SHA Secure Hash Algorithm SSL Secure Sockets Layer Triple-DES Triple Data Encryption Algorithm TLS Transport Layer Security USB Universal Serial Bus